The question of “To ground - or not to ground” (with regard to Low Voltage Transformers) has been one that’s plagued me for a bit now. Apparently, I’m not the only one with this on his mind. I’ve not been lost in the dark (at least not completely), as it’s been more a matter of isolation that’s my concern. That said, some people are completely “out to lunch” on this one…
I found this interesting little tidbit of back-and-forth on the ‘net…
http://www.flukecommunity.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2475&page=3&pp=10
As it seems, yet again, MikeHolt.com appears to be one of the few world-wide-webbers with any sense about him…
http://www.mikeholt.com/technical.php?id=grounding/unformatted/9-15-99&type=u&title=Grounding%20-%20Machine%20Tool%20Transformers%20(9-15-99)
Mike’s absolutely correct.
Bonding the transformer’s secondary side “Neutral” (whichever pin you declare as neutral, since nothing has been referenced to ground yet) to Earth Ground (via any good solid connection to either machine chassis [assuming machine chassis is bonded to Ground] or by simply piggy backing onto your supply voltage Ground) is the only way to go.
It’s not a Code violation - believe me, it’s not. The whole idea behind not bonding Neutral to Ground at subpanels (or in any panel besides the main service panel entrance / feed panel / whatever it is, depending on whether we’re talking 240 Residential Split Phase / 480 Vac3 Commercial / on up through Industrial power) is that you don’t want to create a ‘loop’ in the system. There’s 2 reasons for that. First, a ground loop can actually build its own voltage potential. That’s hell on earth waiting to happen. Second, your grounding conductor is no longer isolated from your neutral conductor, which means that in an emergency it will not have the capacity to carry the system’s full brunt to ground.
However, with a transformer, the secondary side is ‘virgin territory’; remember, the primary is fully isolated from the secondary, and voltage is only induced upon it. No current physically travels from the primary to the secondary. That said, there exists no path to ground for the secondary side… you have to create it by bonding one leg of it to ground.
Mike cites Article 250, Section 20, and I’ll add to it with this… unless you are dealing with a 1-to-1 isolation transformer, whose sole purpose is to completely isolate the system from the supply, then ground whichever leg you declare to be neutral to supply side ground. Watch our for current carrying capacity though… a 14 awg line feeding a 480 panel that’s only eating up 10 amps, with a 20 amp 120 Vac (secondary) transformer will require you to increase the size of the feed line’s grounding wire in order to comply with the restrictions of Article 350 regarding maximum current flow through a conductor.
In the event you do not fuse a transformer (or power conditioner), then yes you should fuse all legs. This should go without saying.